不同钾肥量与密度对马铃薯产量及商品率的影响

Effects of Potassium Rates and Planting Density on Potato Yield and Commodity Rate

为了解施钾量与栽植密度对马铃薯产量及商品率的影响,在地膜覆盖条件下进行了不同钾肥量和密度试验,两因素各设置3个水平,随机区组排列,供试马铃薯品种为‘中薯3号’。结果表明:不同施钾量处理间产量呈极显著差异(P<0.01),A2(硫酸钾375kg/hm2)>A3(硫酸钾225kg/hm2)>A1(硫酸钾525kg/hm2),理论最佳施钾量为硫酸钾367.5kg/hm2;不同栽植密度处理间产量呈极显著差异(P<0.01),B1(63000株/hm2)>B2(69000株/hm2)>B3(78000株/hm2),在栽植63000～78000株/hm2范围内,马铃薯产量与栽植密度呈负相关,理论最佳栽植密度为63000株/hm2;产量达最高时的最优组合为A2B1,即硫酸钾375kg/hm2,栽植密度为63000株/hm2,产量为17577.7kg/hm2;不同施钾量水平下的商品率为A1>A2>A3,随着施钾量的减少,商品率降低;不同栽植密度水平下的商品率为B1>B2>B3,随着栽植密度的增加,商品率下降;商品率达最高时的最优组合为A1B1,即硫酸钾525kg/hm2,栽植密度为63000株/hm2,商品率最高达68.4%。

In order to understand the effects of potassium rates and density on potato yield and commodity rate,a field experiment was conducted under plastic covering.Two factors each set three levels,randomized block arrangement,potato of＇ZhongShu NO.3＇was supplied.The results showed that：there was very significant difference between different potassium rates（P0.01）,A2（K2SO4 375kg/hm2）A3（K2SO4 225kg/hm2）A1（K2SO4 525kg/hm2）,the theoritical K application rate for gaining maximum yield was 367.5kg/hm2.There was very significant difference between different planting density（P0.01）,B 1（63000/hm2）B2（69000/hm2）B3（78000/hm2）.There was a negative correlation between the potato yield and planting density,within the planting density of 63000/hm2-78000/hm2.The theoritical planting density for gaining maximum yield was 63000/hm2.The optimal combination for the maximum yield（17577.7 kg/hm2） was A2B1,with K2SO4 375kg/hm2 and planting density of 63000/hm2.The commodity rate of different potassium rates was A1A2A3,the commodity rate decreased with the reducing of potassium rates.The commodity rate of different planting density was B1B2B3,the commodity rate decreased with the increasing of potassium rates.The theoritical potassium application rate for gaining maximum yield was 367.5 kg/hm 2.The optimal combination for the maximum commodity rate（68.4%） was A1B1,with K2SO4 375kg/hm2 and planting density of 63000/hm2.