中国近代奶牛传入与引进的研究进展

Research Progress of Recommendation and Introduction of Cows in Modern China

对近代以来,被带到中国大陆以及台湾、香港地区的奶牛品种进行了研究探讨。笔者指出了近代奶牛通过被殖民地当局传入、中国企业从国外购买2种途经进入中国。结果揭示了中国不同地区的奶牛种质来源和品系之间的血缘关系,归纳了中国奶牛品种传入的4个特点:(1)奶牛品种繁多;(2)引进的海关口岸多;(3)传入的主体多;(4)延续时间长。由于这些特点的作用,近代传入中国的奶牛几乎涵盖了当时世界上主要的奶牛品种,血缘系统十分复杂,由此形成了中国的奶牛种质多样性来源。

Cow variety that introduced to China,Taiwan and Hongkong in modern times was researched in the paper.It was pointed out that there were two ways to introduce Chinese modern cow to China.One way was introduced by colonists,another was bought from foreign supplies by Chinese company.Bloodline between cow germplasm and strain from different area was revealed.There were four characteristics in cow variety recommendation.(1)There were various kinds of cow variety.(2)There were many customs ports that introduce cows.(3)Recommendation subjects were so many.(4)Duration time was long.Because of these characteristics,the cow introduced to China in modern times covered the main cow varieties in world.The bloodline system was very complex.These reasons consist of Chinese cow variety origin.