云尺蛾生物学习性及主要寄生真菌

A Study on the Biology and Dominant Parasites of Buzura thibetaria

云尺蛾是我国南方常见的杂食性虫种,在昆明地区主要取食柏科、松科植物。在林木根部周围表土层内1～3cm处化蛹、越冬。室温24.2℃和22.8℃的条件下,幼虫和蛹的历期分别为41.6d(天)和33.7d。每头幼虫平均取食鲜重10.44g。幼虫期的水石派姬小蜂和蛹期的两种寄生真菌是自然调节云尺蛾种群动态的重要天敌。两种真菌均能在人工培养基上正常生长,其中玫烟色拟青霉产孢量极高,并对多种昆虫具较强的侵染力;而细脚拟青霉则含有与天然冬虫夏草相类似的成分。同时,蛹期尚有蛹虫草菌寄生,而云尺蛾又易于大量人工饲养繁殖,采用常规措施即可人为控制该虫的发生发展。因而对云尺蛾的开发研究具有较高的科学价值。

Buzura thibetaria is a common polyphagous inscect found in the south of China. This study shows that it mainly feeds on leaves of plants from Pinaeeae and Cupressaceae, and overwinters in the form of pupae at a depth of l～3cm below the surface of soil around the plant. The duration of larvae and pupae stages were 41.6 days and 33.7 days at 24.2℃ and 22.8℃, respectively. On average, a larva ingested 10.44 grams of fresh leaves during its development. In situ Pediobius waterstonii and two species of fungi are important natural enemies limiting the population of this pest. These species of fungi could normally grow on an artificial culture medium.Paecilomyces fumosoroseus could produce a large amount of conidiomyces and infect many species of pests. P. penuipes was similar to Cordyceps sinensis in some chemical components. Meanwhile, Cordyceps sp. could also parasitize the pupae of this pest. Buzura thibetaria is very easily reared in inseetaries and controlled with the help of routine measures. Therefore, this study is of significance to the utilization of Buzura thibetaria and these parasites.