美国新林业学说的理论和实践

New Forestry:Theory and Practice

该文评介了美国J.F.Franklin教授和他所领导的研究组在美国俄勒冈州Andrews试验林所进行的生态研究以及他们提出的新林业学说,将森林的生态功能(保存物种和保存环境等)和木材生产功能结合起来,使之协调发展;将林业从培育树木、更新树木的角度扩展到对复杂的生态系统的维持相对生物学多样性的维护上;这是新林业理论的焦点所在。从原理上说,新林业代表林业发展的一个新阶段,它有普遍意义,也适用于中国。

The ecological studies which Prof. J. F. Franklin and his colleagues were engaged, in at Andrews Experimental Forest located in Oregon, USA, and the new forestry theory proposed by them are reviewed. The theory focuses on: ① Integration of the ecological functons of a forest (including species preservation and environment protection) with wood production, in order to coordinate forestry development. ② Traditional forestry only concerns itself with the regeneration of trees,whereas new forestry emphasises biological diversity and the maintainance of complex ecosystems. The emergence of 'New Forestry' means a new direction in forestry.