医事民事诉讼证明责任分配探析

A Probe into the Allocation of Burden of Proof in Medical Civil Procedure

证明责任分配是医事民事诉讼的核心问题。由于医疗活动具有高度专业性。医事民事诉讼中存在着证据偏在等问题，医事民事诉讼的证明责任分配显得格外复杂。本文在剖析我国和域外医事民事诉讼证明责任分配制度的基础上，建议进一步明确医事民事诉讼证明责任分配的价值目标，坚持“谁主张、谁举证”的证明责任分配规则；并通过对患方实行必要的证明责任减轻或者缓和，尤其在某些特殊医事民事诉讼案件中引入英美侵权法中的“事实自证制度”，以进一步改革和完善我国医事民事诉讼的证明责任分配制度。

The allocation of burden of proof is the core issue in medical civil procedure. Since health care activities are highly professional, partial evidence and other issues exist in medical civil evidence, and the burden of proof in medical civil procedure is especially complicated. Based on the analysis on the allocation of burden of proof in medical civil procedure home and abroad, this paper puts forward the following suggestions ： making the value goal of the allocation of burden of proof in medical civil procedure more clear; adhering to the allo- cation principle of burden of proof ＂who advocates who burdens＂; in some special medical civil lawsuits, relieving or easing patients＂ burden of proof and introducing ＂the thing speaks for itself＂ rule in laws of tort in Britain and America with the purpose of further reforming and perfecting the allocation system of burden of proof in medical civil procedure in China.