走出社区的迷思:当前中国社区建设的两难抉择

Out of Community Myth:The Dilemma of Community Construction in Contemporary Urban China

自20世纪80年代以来,社区建设在全国各地迅速展开,既有成绩也沉淀下来不少问题,深度检讨这些问题对于进一步推进社区建设具有重要的意义。中国社区建设包含着以下基本命题:社区建设的本质特征是地域性社会实体,还是"脱域共同体"?社区建设的行动主体是政府主导,还是社会多元复合?社区建设的理想图景是国家治理单元,还是独立公民社会?建设的现实路径是问题-需求取向,还是优势-资产为本?当下的社区建设应当积极以社会多元复合主体培育社会团结的理念,重视当地社区的资产与居民的优势,构筑新型社会生活共同体,进而为公民社会的发育奠立微观基础。

Community construction has spread rapidly since 1980＇ s in contemporary China. It achieves gratifying successes, and also creates many problems. So, it is very important to depth review these issues for the further of community construction. Community construction focus on the following broad questions： Whether the essential feature of community construction is regional society or dis - embedded community？ Whether the subject of action is government or social composite subject？ Whether the ambition prospect is state governance unit or the independent micro basis of civil society？ Whether the practical approach is needs- based or asset- based？ The current community construction should actively cultivate social composite subject basing on social solidarity, pay attention to the local community assets and capacity, develop a new social life community, and construct micro basis of civil society.