一般没收财产刑:俄罗斯经验与中国现实

General Confiscation of Property as a Penalty:Russia's Experience and China's Reality

十七至十八世纪时,俄罗斯统治者曾经广泛适用一般没收财产刑。1903年沙俄刑法典废除了这一规定。苏维埃政权建立之初,该刑罚成了巩固苏维埃政权、镇压反革命的政治手段。1960年苏俄刑法典规定没收财产刑条文的数量同前几部苏俄刑法典相比,已明显变少。1996年俄罗斯刑法典规定一般没收也大幅减少。2003年俄罗斯废除没收财产刑,直接原因是该刑罚种类的适用率极低,间接原因是与俄罗斯社会所发生的私有财产地位的变化有关。我国应废除一般没收财产刑制度,同时完善特别没收制度。

In the seventeenth century and eighteenth century, general confiscation of property was widely used as a criminal penalty by Russian rulers. The 1903 Russian Penal Code abolished the provision. When the Soviet regime was established, the penalty was used as a political means to consolidate the Soviet Union regime, and to suppress counter- revolutionaries. Similar provisions stipulating the confiscation of property significantly decreased in the 1960 Russian Penal Code. In 2003, Russia abolished confiscation of property as a criminal penalty. The direct cause was that the penalty was rarely used, while the indirect cause was that the status of private property had changed in Russian society. China should also abolish general confiscation of property as a criminal penalty, while perfecting special confiscation of property.