明代太湖口的出水环境与溇港圩田

The Environment of Water Mouth of Tailake and Wei Fields at Lougang Rivers in Ming Dynasty

宋元时期,太湖以东的水流在吴江长堤与吴江长桥的作用下出现落淤,太湖岸以西的落淤在吴江长堤石堤化以后开始发展,在明代加速。东太湖区域的落淤先形成许多小湖泊,由此形成众多出水河港,湖田就是在这种水环境下逐步发展的。其一般模式为湖面——小湖泊——宽河道+不稳定的湖田——窄河道+稳定的湖田。由于水流与波浪的作用,湖田东涨西坍。临湖水面的圩田一般是小圩田,远离水面的圩田规模较大。明初的大圩田需要许多人户共同戽水,官方也制定了许多圩田规则;后期大圩破坏,圩田缩小,乡村水利制度亦趋衰落。

In Song and Yuan Dynasties, the water in Taihu Lake to the east of Wujiang Wujiang Long Beach and wujiang longbridge began silting, and at the west shore of Lake, the action of silting began at the time of Wujiang Long Beach being stoned, and the action was accelerate in the Ming dynasty. In east lake area, silting form many small lakes firstly, then formed numerous rivers letout the water, the lake fileds was developed in this environment. The general development model is that： lake; small lakes; wide riversand unstable lake fileds; nallrowed rivers and stable lake fileds. Because the role of water and waves, the lake fields was collapsed at east and developed in the west. Near the lake water, scale of Wei fields is general small, big Wei fields appeared away from the water, at beginning of Ming dynasty, big WeiTian need many households to drawering water, officials also made many rules about Wei fields, however, after big wei fields were damage, the scale of fields is narrowing, and the ruralwater system also declined.