隐喻的新模式

On a New Metaphor Model

有两种典型的处理隐喻问题所采取的语义和语用模式。一种是戴维森所采取的因果理论模式;另一种是塞尔的语用意向理论模式。对于戴维森的因果理论模式,我们可以通过他建立的三角测量模式来解释,然而他无视了隐喻语句中存在着说话者意义的事实;对于塞尔的语用意向理论模式,我们可以通过格赖斯的对话语用理论和塞尔的言语行为理论来解释,然而他忽视了隐喻语句中远非总是具有确定的说话者意义的事实。最终在戴维森和塞尔的隐喻模式的基础上可以建立一个以戴维森的三角测量模式为因果基础,内含塞尔的意向性解释规则的一个新的处理隐喻问题的因果意向性模式。

There are two typical models to deal with metaphor problems, i.e. semantic model and pragmatic model. One is causal theory model that is adopted by Davidson, the other one is Scarlets pragmatic intention theory model. As for the first model, we can explain it by triangula- tion model which is established by Davidson himself, however, he ignores the fact that metaphor sentences exist speakers＇ meaning; as for Searle＇s pragmatic intention theory, we can explain it by Grice＇s dialogue pragmatic theory and Searle＇ s speech acts theory, but he ignores the fact that metaphor sentences are not always exist speakers＇ meaning. Finally, we attempt to establish a new causal intention model that is based on Davidson＇s triangulation model and including Searle＇s intention explaining rules to deal with metaphor problems.