“本党电影宣传”与“民族国家建设”——1927—1949年间国民政府的电影传播及其历史命运

“Film Propaganda of Nationalist Party” and “Nation-State Building”:Film Communication and Historical Destiny of National Government During 1927—1949

1927—1949年间,国民政府试图以"三民主义"、"民族主义"和"抗战建国"、"戡乱总动员"等思想策略以及教育电影的理论与实践、官营电影的制作与放映等推动民族国家建设。在此过程中,一批国民党官员、文人和各领域专门人士,通过函件宣言、演讲报告与发表文章、身体力行等方式,为国民政府的电影传播奠定了重要的基础;与此同时,国民政府及其相关部门和各级机构发布有关电影审查、文艺奖励与文化发展、文艺宣传的函件、法令、纲领和议案,成立电影检查委员会、电影指导委员会,并制定相关章程、规则、条例和标准等,来检讨国产电影的封建伦理道德,抵制欧美电影的辱华行径,防备苏联电影的"革命"思想,清除左翼电影的"阶级"意识,并以"党化教育"与"文化统制"的积极姿态行使中央政权在电影传播领域的使命和职责。当然,由于政治、军事、经济与思想、文化等方面的各种原因,民政府的电影传播制度始终未能达到其预期的深度、广度和效能。

From 1927 to1949,the National Government tried to promote the nation-state building by the ideologies and strategies of ＂Three People＇s Principles＂,＂Nationalism＂,＂Fighting the War and Building the Country＂ and ＂Counter-Insurgency general mobilization＂.During this period,a group of Nationalist Party officials,intellectuals and professionals from different fields laid an important foundation for the film communication of National Government through various ways of mail declaration,lectures,article publishing and personal practice.Meanwhile,the National Government and its related departments and organizations at all levels released letters,rules,creeds and proposals on film censorship,literature and art award and cultural development and literature and art propaganda and established Film Censorship Committee,Film Guidance Committee and related rules,regulations and standards.Through all these measures,the National Government intended to self-criticize the feudal ethics of national films,boycott the humiliating ways to China of European and American films,guard against the ＂revolution＂ thoughts of Soviet Union＇s films and eliminate the ＂class＂ consciousness of left-wing films and exercise the central government＇s missions and responsibilities in film communication with the positive attitudes of ＂party education＂ and ＂cultural control＂.Due to various reasons in political,military,economic,ideological and cultural aspects,the film communication system of National Government failed to reach the expected depth,breadth and efficiency.