社会学芝加哥学派对佩恩基金“电影影响”研究的贡献

Contribution of Chicago School of Sociology to "Movies' Effect" Research of Payne Fund

社会学芝加哥学派不但开启了美国传播学的基础研究领域,同时也直接参与了一些重要的传播学应用研究。由佩恩基金支持的"电影与青年"研究项目是美国学术界第一次大规模的大众传播效果研究活动,芝加哥大学社会学系的帕克、布鲁默等人也参与了这项研究,其中布鲁默的研究最为出色。布鲁默主持的两项研究以实证主义研究方法恰如其当地揭示了电影对青少年的影响。佩恩基金"电影与青年"研究项目拉开了美国大规模媒介调查的序幕,确立了美国传播学实证主义研究的基本特征。

The members of the Chicago School of Sociology have not only started the foundation research areas of American Communication,but also participated in some important applied study on communication.The Movies and Children research program supported by Payne Fund is the first large scale movement about effect of mass communication in American history.Robert Park,Herbert Blumer and others have participated in this research,among whom Herbert Blumer contributed the best to the research.The two researches conducted by Blumer,which based on positivism approach,properly showed the movies impact on the children.The Payne Fund program became the start of the large scale media investigation in American history,which established the basic feature of American communication research based on positivism approach.