论弥尔顿对“精神”的神学诠释——兼论《基督教教义》里的“圣灵”

Milton’s Theology on “the Spirit”:Also on “the Holy Spirit” in Christian Doctrine

对于基督教正统教义"三位一体"中的"圣灵"(the Holy Spirit),弥尔顿代之以"精神"(the Spirit),并在神学著作《基督教教义》里对"精神"这一宗教术语进行了充分的诠释。弥尔顿通过大量的《圣经》引证,指出"精神"有九种所指,比"圣灵"更为广泛,既包括"圣灵"在内的、来自外在但进驻到信仰者内心的"神圣的精灵"(the divine spirits),也包含人将这些力量内化为弥尔顿所称的"人的精神"(the human spirit)或"内在精神"(the Spirit within)。因此,在弥尔顿的"反三位一体"宗教观中,"精神"比"圣灵"更为准确。掌握弥尔顿对"精神"的神学阐释有助于更深刻地把握弥尔顿的神学思想和理解弥尔顿史诗创作的实质。

In his theological treatise Christian Doctrine,John Milton presents the best illustration of the theological term ＂the Spirit＂ which is John Milton’s substitute for ＂the Holy Spirit＂ in the orthodox Christian doctrine of Trinity.By citing numerously from the Bible,Milton expounds nine signifieds for ＂the Holy Spirit＂ in the Bible,including ＂divine spirits＂ like ＂the Holy Spirit,＂ which originate from the external and dwell into the believers’ hearts,and the internalized powers of human beings,in Milton’s terms,＂the human spirit＂ or ＂the Spirit within.＂ Therefore,Milton’s anti-Trinity believes that,as far as ＂the Holy Spirit＂ in the Bible is concerned,＂the Spirit＂ should be the better term.An accurate grasp of Milton’s theological interpretation of ＂the Spirit＂ is crucial to mastering his theological system and the essence of his heroic poetry.