冷战初期美国对西欧的心理战略行动——以美国对西欧的心理战略计划为视角的考察

The U.S. psychological strategic warfare operations toward Western Europe during the Early Cold War——In the perspective of the psychological strategic warfare plans

20世纪50年代初期,美国开始将心理战作为遏制所谓共产主义扩张的战略之一。在东西方对抗的背景下,西欧由于在地缘、意识形态、政治、经济和安全利益等方面与美国的密切关系,被美国杜鲁门和艾森豪威尔两届政府视为核心利益地带。但是,战后西欧经济的崩溃以及共产党力量的迅猛发展使得共产党在西欧上台执政的可能性大增。为了确立和维护西欧各国政府的亲美反共倾向,扶持西德,巩固大西洋联盟,最终将西欧纳入以美国为首的西方阵营,杜鲁门政府和艾森豪威尔政府先后制订了一系列针对西欧的心理战略计划。通过实施这些计划,美国成功地削弱了西欧的共产党力量,消除了西欧民众的反美情况,实现了稳定西欧、巩固西方阵营、维护美国战略利益的战略目标,从此西欧在国际重大事务上紧紧追随美国。

In the early 1950’s,the U.S.government commenced to apply the psychological warfare as one of the strategies to contain the so-called communist expansion.Against the background of the Cold War,the Western Europe,because of its important political,economic,ideological and strategic role to the U.S.,both the Truman Administration and the Eisenhower Administration considered it as the most made significant area for its global strategy.However,the collapsing and the rapid development of the communist power made it possible for the communist to win the election and take office.In order to cultivate the Western Europeans pro-American and the anti-communist inclination as well as to support the West Germany and strengthen the unity of the NATO,the Truman Administration and the Eisenhower Administration formulated a series of psychological strategic plans toward Western Europe.Through the implementation of these plans,the U.S.government succeeded in weakening the communist power in the Western Europe,reducing the anti-Americanism,realizing the goals of stabilizing the Western Europe,consolidating the Western camp and maintaining the U.S.strategic benefit.And from the on,the Western European countries became the U.S.followers in the international affairs.