对国内外PM_(2.5)研究及控制对策的回顾与展望

A Review and Outlook of the Research and Pollution Control on PM_(2.5) in Domestic and Overseas

近年来,我国的PM2.5污染形势日趋严峻,其来源和成因复杂,对人体和环境的影响非常显著,在此系统总结了国内外PM2.5的研究进展及其污染控制历程。PM2.5研究主要涉及PM2.5污染特征、排放清单、源解析以及对大气能见度和人体健康的影响等方面。在污染控制方面,美国经过治理,2010年的PM2.5年均质量浓度值相较2000年下降了3.6μg/m3,下降幅度达到27%;1990～2009年,欧洲经济区(EEA)32个地区的PM10排放总量削减了27%,PM2.5重要前体物SO2,NOx,VOC,NH3分别削减了80%,44%,55%,26%。相较之下,我国的PM2.5污染现状较为严峻,2010年各监测试点城市的PM2.5超标天数占全部监测天数的比例在1.9%～48.9%之间,超标状况较为严重。我国应该在建立排放清单、多污染物协同控制、空气质量分区管理、加强监测能力建设等方面开展PM2.5控制。

In recent years, the situation of PM2.5 pollution in China tends to be more and more serious. The source and formation of PM2.5 are complicated, and it has shown significant effect on the environment and human health. Researches and pollution control progress of PM2.5 both at home and aboard were summarized in this article. This paper mainly f0cused on the characteristics, emission inventory, source appointment, influence on visibility and effect on human health of PMzs. By pollution control during these ten years, PM2.5 concentration in USA decreased by 3.6 p,g/m3, 27% less than that of 2000. Emissions of PM10,SO2,NOx,VOC,NH3 has decreased by 27% ,80% ,44% ,55% ,26% in 32 areas of EFA from 1990 to 2009. By contrast, the situation of PM2.5 pollution in China is more serious. In 2010, the number of days in which PM2.5 pollution exceeded the criterion accounted for 1.9% - 48.9% of the total amount in several selected cities. We should make effort on the emission inventory, air quality classification management and air quality monitoring.