玛河流域农业污染耕地载荷现状分析

Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution of the Farmland Load Analysis to the Manas River Catchment

利用统计年鉴和调查数据,采用耕地载荷指数法,计算玛河流域沙玛两县及石河子垦区主要的污染物在耕地中的残留量及耕地的污染载荷。研究玛纳斯河灌区主要农田污染源的结构,并分析该流域绿洲的农业污染耕地载荷,以期为玛纳斯河流域绿洲的农业发展、水土开发、生态修复和环境保护提供决策性依据。结果表明,2005、2010年耕地载荷中氮残留为109.3kg/hm2、176.1kg/hm2,磷的残留量为52.2kg/hm2、83.8kg/hm2;牲畜粪便耕地污染载荷分别为0.025t/(hm2.a)、0.032t/(hm2.a);农药耕地的污染载荷分别为5.75、7.99kg/hm2;地膜耕地的污染载荷分别为35.00、39.63kg/hm2;2005年单位生活污水排放量110.9t/hm2,化学需氧量排放量31.1kg/hm2,氨氮排放量4.4kg/hm2;单位面积工业废水排放总量117.8t/hm2,化学需氧量排放量158.5kg/hm2,氨氮排放量1.07kg/hm2。由此可知,玛河流域农业污染载荷严重超载,污染的风险很大,应该引起地方重视。

In this study,statistical yearbooks and survey data,using the the farmland load index,calculated the main point source pollution of the Manas River Valley Shawan and Manas counties and Shihezi residues in arable land and arable land pollution load.Research the structure of main agricultural pollution sources,and analyze farmland loads of pollution sources to support its agriculture,soil development,ecology and environmental protecting.In 2005 and 2010 farmland load of nitrogen residues as 109.3kg/hm2,176.1kg/hm2,the phosphorus residues of 52.2kg/hm2,83.8kg/hm2;The manure arable pollution load were 0.025 t/（hm2·a）,0.032 t/（hm2·a）;the pollution load of the Manas River Basin Pesticide farmland were 5.75,7.99kg/hm2,pollution load of the Xinjiang region of arable land for 1.94,2.96kg/hm2 respectively;the pollution load of the plastic film of arable land for 35.00,39.63kg/hm2,respectively;In the year of 2005 Units in sewage emissions were 110.9t/hm2,the emissions of chemical oxygen demand by 31.1kg/hm2,ammonia emissions by 4.4kg/hm2;2005 per unit area of industrial wastewater total emissions were 117.8 t/hm2,chemical oxygen demand emissions by 158.5kg/hm2,ammonia emissions by 1.07kg/hm2.Compared with Xinjiang analysis and according to the present standards,severely overloaded agricultural nonpoint source pollution load to Manas River Valley,is a big risk to be poluted.