原发性肾病综合征儿童及家长营养教育实施现状的调查与分析

Current status of nutrition education on parents of children with primary nephrotic syndrome

目的探讨原发性肾病综合征患儿家长对疾病营养知识的知晓率,以及影响有效实施营养治疗的相关因素。方法对156例门诊及住院的原发性肾病综合征患儿家长进行面对面问卷调查。结果 156例患儿家长对原发性肾病综合征营养基本知识回答正确率为30.8%～96.8%,对具体营养知识回答正确率仅1.9%～42.3%;有效实施营养治疗与家长文化程度、居住地、病程、发病情况(初发、复发或频复发)及首次就诊时医护人员是否进行营养指导有关(P<0.05),其中最为密切的是患儿发病情况;家长获取营养信息的主要途径是咨询医护人员(96.2%);所有家长都愿意了解疾病营养相关知识,并主要期望通过咨询医护人员(98.7%)、专业讲座(73.7%)获得。结论原发性肾病综合征患儿家长对疾病营养相关知识知晓率低,导致有效实施营养治疗率低;应有针对性为家长提供营养宣教。

Objectives To explore the awareness of nutritional therapy in parents of children with primary nephrotic syndrome （PNS） and the factors effectively impacting nutritional therapy. Methods Face to face questionnaire survey was undertaken among parents of 156 PNS children. Results The correct rate for questions about basic nutritional knowledge in 156 parents was 30.8% to 96.8%, while 1.9% to 42.3% for specific nutritional knowledge. Effectiveness of nutritional therapy was related to parents＇ education level, place of residence, clinical course of patients, onset of the disease （first onset, relapse, frequently relapse） and availability of the nutrition guidance from health workers during their first visit. The onset of PNS was most closely related to a successful nutritional therapy. Our study indicated the way for obtaining information of nutritional therapy mainly depends on consultation （96.2%）, and 100% of parents eager to get to know knowledge on nutritional therapy by consultation （98.7%） or attending special lectures （73.7%）. Conclusions The low rate of awareness of nutritional therapy in parents of PNS children results in low rate of effectiveness of nutritional therapy accordingly. Nutritional therapy knowledge isneeded to explain in detail to parents of PNS children.