基于语料库的英汉语双名词内向结构认知对比研究

A Cognitive Perspective: A Contrastive Study of Endocentric Constructions Involving Double Nouns in English & Chinese Based on Corpora

英语该类结构均由"主词+介词+修饰语"构成,遵循从射体到界标的语序;汉语的则均由"修饰语+的+主词"构成,遵循从界标到射体的视角,语序相反。英汉内向结构是不同的意象,其构建的视角不同。这种视角差异是由英汉语民族认知方式的差异造成的:英语母语者多采用"核心突破式"认知方式,而汉语母语者则采用"外围剥离式"的认知方式来构建意象。英汉语内向结构对射体和界标选定的一致性体现了语言的共性,而语序的差异是英汉语使用者认知方式逆向化在语言中的体现。对外汉语教学要以真实语料库为语言事实材料,从认知方式的高度来解释语言差异才能达到好的教学效果。

The statistical results show that the three endocentric constructions in English are all composed of ＂headword ＋ prep ＋ modifier＂,following the order of from a projector to a landmark whereas the counterparts are made up of ＂modifier ＋de ＋ headword＂ in Chinese with a totally converse word order.It is held that the three endocentric constructions in the both languages construct different imageries with slight differences in the way to perceive and construe the same scene.It is asserted that the converse constituent word order is due to different cognitive manners,by which Chinese native speakers usually adopt the way of perception ＂from periphery to core ＂ while English native speakers tend to prefer the manner of perception ＂ from core to periphery＂.The same choice of a projector and a landmark in such endocentric constructions in the both languages verifies the universal principle of cognitive salience in language symbolic structures.The difference constituent order is the reflection of variant cognitive manners in langauge construction.It is advisable that authentic instances based on corpora should be employed in teaching Chinese to foreign learners,and the differences can be clearly explained from the angle of cognitive manners.