吉林省磐石市农村居民点用地空间布局优化模式研究

Study on Spatial Distribution Optimization Pattern of Rural Residential Land in Panshi City of Jilin Province

通过选取自然条件和区位因素等8个评价指标,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,运用GIS的地理空间分析功能,将磐石市农村居民点综合潜力划分为:高发展潜力区、中发展潜力区、低发展潜力区、不适宜发展潜力区4个等级。基于此,提出了农村居民点优化布局模式,即对于零星分布,面积小于1hm2的居民点,如果推行整体搬迁,可有效增加耕地面积179.66hm2,提高土地利用率;对村庄面积介于1～10hm2,通过拆旧建新且作为搬迁村庄的接纳地,可改善农村生态环境,提高农民生活水平和生活质量,盘活土地资产,发展农村经济;对一些面积大于10hm2配套设施完善,远离镇区、市区且自然条件较好的村庄,可列为中心村,对其加大基础设施建设,实施积极发展的策略;对于一些临近镇区、市区的村庄通过推行缩村并居、联片聚合模式,并实施增减挂钩,可以缓解城镇建设用地指标不足的状况,有效地实现城镇建设用地的增加与农村居民点减少,集约节约利用土地,同时也成为社会主义新农村建设推进、产业结构优化升级、地区城镇化进程加速的重要手段。

According to eight evaluation indices selected from natural conditions and location factors,analytic hierarchy process and GIS spatial analysis function were used to determine the index weight.The rural residential land use potential was evaluated as four levels of the high development potential district,the middle potential development district,the low development potential district,not suitable for the development potential district in Panshi city.Based on four grades,rural residential land layout optimization model was put forward,namely,for sporadic distribution,covering area less than 1 hm2 in settlements,if the overall relocation was being carried out,it coule effectively increase the cultivated area 179.66 hm2 and improve the utilization of land.For villages area between 1 and 10 hm2,these villages which not only demolish old buildings and build new villages but also admit the relocation villages,can improve rural ecological environment,improve their living standards and quality of life,revitalize land assets,develop rural economy.Some villages covering area more than 10 hm2,which were away from town,urban,and have perfect supporting facilities and good natural conditions,can increase their infrastructure and implement positive development strategy as the center village;Some villages,which were close to town,urban,can alleviate the index shortage situation of urban construction land,increase city and town construction land,reduce rural residential areas,use land intensively and frugally,but also became important means of advancing socialist new countryside construction,promoting industrial structure of optimization and upgrading,accelerating urbanization process in the region.