黄土高原林草地覆盖土壤水量平衡研究进展

Progress in the Study of Soil Water Balance under Forest and Grassland Covers on the Loess Plateau

黄土高原地处干旱半干旱区,水是地区生态环境改善的主要限制因子,严重阻碍了当地的植被恢复和生态重建。黄土高原林草地覆盖土壤蓄水量既有收入,又有支出,始终处于一种动态平衡但相对亏缺的状态。以黄土高原降雨时空变化、林草地土壤水分入渗、土壤水分蒸发蒸腾、土壤干层的形成以及水量平衡模型模拟等几个关键因素为切入点进行详细阐述,对其国内外研究进展进行回顾。提出关于黄土高原土壤水量平衡的研究,应在成熟林草地水源涵养功能及林草地水文生态过程的尺度扩展方面加大力度。

Most parts of the Loess Plateau were located in arid and semi-arid areas, and soil water was a crucial factor influencing vegetation restoration and eco-environmental reconstruction. Water was transferred continuously between soil, vegetation and atmosphere and kept in a dynamic balance in the soil. Former studies in relation to specific fields such as the spatial and temporal variation of precipitation, water infiltration, evapotranspiration, dried soil layer and modeling on soil water balance under forest and grassland covers were summarized and analyzed systematically. In addition, we suggested that research should focus on the counterbalancing function of water holding capability of vegetation and eco-hydrological process and its scaling up in forest and grass land.