弥散的星丛与否定的表现——勋伯格无调性音乐中音高关系的哲学-美学运思

Dispersed Constellation and Negative Expression——Philosophical/Aesthetic Ideas of Pitch Relationships in Schoenberg's Atonal Music

对同一性的批判构成了阿多诺哲学的重要指向。同一性思维秉承归类原则,将无限的事物纳入有限的概念之中,忽视了事物自身的差异性、偶然性和特殊性,并形成等级式的观念强权。阿多诺反对一切奴役和强制,力图拯救事物的差异性和特殊性,倡导平等共处的星丛式伙伴关系。勋伯格的无调性音乐暗合了阿多诺的哲学,笔者认为这是阿氏推崇勋伯格音乐的重要原因:调性的解体意味着曾居于最上位的调式中心这一独断性的强权被破除了,音高关系呈现出星丛式的平等共处的伙伴关系,而这种星丛式的音高关系又导致了感性的虚无和焦虑,使勋伯格的无调性音乐获得了一种否定的表现,这种否定的表现从审美形态上说就是荒诞。

One important perspective of Adorno＇s philosophy is his criticism toward identity. The idea of identity is closely related to the principle of classification, which fits infinite objects into limited concepts, ignores the diversity, contingency and particularity of these objects, and forms a power of ideas with hierarchy. Adorno opposed to all forms of enslavement, strived to rescue the diversity and particularity of objects, and proposed a constellation/partnership relationship of equal coexistence. The fact that Schoenberg＇s atonal music coincides with Adorno＇ s philosophy is an important reason why the latter praised highly about the former＇s music, the disintegration of tonality signified the dispelling of the assertiveness of tonic as the highest power~ the relationships of pitches present a constellation/partnership relationship of equal coexistence. This form of relationship also leads to a perceptive nothingness and anxiety, and endows Schoenberg＇s atonal music a negative expression, which, aesthetically speaking, is precisely absurdism.