页岩气井水力压裂技术及环境问题探讨

Discussion on Hydraulic Fracturing Technology in Shale Gas Well Development and Relative Environmental Issues

水力压裂法开采天然气时,用高压将混有化学物质和沙子的水注入到地下页岩层,在高压下用水压裂岩石,同时用沙或其他物质支撑裂口,使页岩破碎释放出气体。国内外页岩气井水压裂增产技术,主要包括清水压裂、同步压裂、重复压裂和水平井压裂技术;深度研究页岩气井水力压裂带来的环境污染问题,主要包括甲烷污染和其他化学物质污染;分析目前在页岩气水力压裂开发中解决环境污染问题的具体补救措施,主要包括压裂返排废水的控制、对空气污染的控制和非常规气清洁开发的黄金准则。

In natural gas exploitation by hydraulic fracturing method,water with a mixture of chemicals and sands will be injected into subterranean shale bed by high pressure,rock is fractured by water with high pressure,sands or other materials are used to support gap at the same time,so shale rock will be crushed and shale gas will be released. Introduced are domestic and foreign fracturing technologies for shale gas wells,mainly including riverfrac treatment technology,synchronous fracturing technology,refracturing and horizontal well fracturing technology. Studied is the pollution ofshale gas well fracturingon the environment,such as methane pollution and chemical pollution and proposed are such remedial measures for decreasing environmental pollution in shale gas hydraulic fracturing as control of fracturingwaste water and air pollution and gold standard for clean development ofunconventional gases.