摘要
SiC,Si3N4,BN等二元体系陶瓷纤维因具有优良高温机械性能、介电性能、高温稳定性能所以被广泛地应用,而相比较而言多元体系SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维正处于研究的初步阶段,但是因其综合了上述二元体系的各种优点,如高温热稳定性、高温耐腐蚀、抗氧化等性能所以已成为当前航空航天领域的研究热点,尤其是含碳量很低的SiBN陶瓷纤维具有很好的透波性能,在导弹天线罩上有重要的应用。其中前驱体聚合物转化法是SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维的主要制备方法,该方法的优点在于可通过前驱体聚合物的分子结构设计,得到含有目标元素的分子前驱体,并在聚合过程中调控其流变性能,从而获得具有可纺性的前驱体聚合物。主要概述了近年来国际和国内采用前驱体聚合物转化法制备SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维的几种方法,它们分别是含硼分子改性聚硅氮烷法,单体改性硼基前驱体法和小分子单体合成法。其中小分子单体合成法又分为多步法和一步合成法。用图表分析比较了各种方法的合成路线,SiBN(C)陶瓷纤维制品性能,以及存在的问题,并且提出了进一步研发的方向和建议。
Binary system SiC, Si3N4 , BN has served already in industrial application with isolated merit, for instance high temperature mechanic properties, excellent dielectric properties and high temperature thermal stability respectively. Although SiBN（C） ceramic fibers still wander at the outset of research, combining merit of various binary ceramic fibers, are expected to possess comprehensive properties, including high temperature stability and oxidation resistance at high temperature, particular in excellent wave-transparent, it will play an important role in random application Precursor polymer-derived ceramic is the main method to produce SiBN（C） ceramic fibers, by which one can design the molecular structure of precursor polymer, the molecular precursor with objective elements can be obtained. Furthermore, the precursor polymer with good spinnability can be obtained by controlling its rheologieal properties during the polymerization. Three methods for preparing SiBN（C） ceramic fibers were reviewed in this paper, boron-substituted polysilazane, boron-based polyborlysilazane, molecular preparation of polyborlysilazane. The small molecule monomer synthesis also can be divided into multi-pot and one-pot synthesis method. Chart comparing the synthesis route , performance of SiBN （C） ceramic fiber products , as well as the existence of the problems for various methods, and the directions and recommendations for further research and development were put forward finally.
出处
《中国材料进展》
CAS
CSCD
2012年第10期1-6,20,共7页
Materials China
