文化生态适应与人类社会文化的演进——人类学家斯图尔德的文化变迁理论述评

The Cultural Ecological Adaptation and the Social-cultural Evolution of Human Being——Analysis of the Theory of Cultural Change of The Anthropologist J·H·Steward

斯图尔德是美国著名人类学家,新进化论的代表人物之一。他认为人类学是研究共性的,是寻找文化产生、发展、演变规律的学科。他认为对文化规律的研究有三种倾向即单线进化论、普遍进化论和多线进化论。他所提倡的是多线进化思想。斯图尔德的整个进化论思想建立在文化生态适应、文化类型划分和社会文化整合层次上。

J·H·Steward is a well-known American anthropologist and one of the representatives of the theory of new evolutionism.He believes that anthropology studies the cultural common nature and is a subject studying the cultural origin,development and evolution.He believes that the research of cultural law has three kinds of evolution theory and is uni-linear evolution,universal evolution and multi-linear evolution.He advocates the multi-linear evolutionism.Steward＇s evolution theory is based on the cultural ecological adaptation,the culture type,the levels of socio-cultural integration.