基于蚁群优化的能量均衡自适应路由算法

Energy-Balance Adaptive Routing Algorithm Based on ACO

基于蚁群优化的WSNs路由算法具有蚁群优化自组织性、正反馈性和并行性的特点,在构造无线传感器网络中的最优路由时有很好的性能。但是蚁群优化构造最优解时带来的网络开销十分可观,不适合在路由维护阶段反复使用蚁群优化重构路由。考虑到蚁群优化的上述特点,同时针对无线传感器网络能量受限的特点,提出了一种基于蚁群优化的能量均衡自适应路由算法。该算法使用了新的信息素更新算子,算子中包含了网络能量水平因子,能够均衡网络能量消耗。在路由维护阶段,该算法使用了新的基于侦测蚂蚁的自适应路由维护机制,很好地降低了网络开销。

The routing algorithm based ACO （Ant Colony Optimization） has good performance in WSNs （Wireless Sensor Networks）,for its several advantages,such as positive feedback,distributed computing,robustness and parallelism. But the algorithm also costs a lot in exploring optimization. Based on ACO＇s characteristics and limitation of energy in WSNs, an ACO based energy-balance adaptive routing algorithm was proposed. A new pheromone update operator was designed to integrate energy consumption and hops into routing choice. Energy leveling elements of network was introduced in the operator. During routing maintenance, the new algorithm took adaptive routing maintenance mechanism based on sense ants. Simulation results showed that the proposed algo- rithm obviously reduced the energy consumption and prolonged the lifetime of WSNs.