弱智儿童元记忆发展的实验研究

An Experimental Study of Meta-Memory Development in Mentally-Retarded Children

目的:从5个方面探讨弱智儿童的元记忆发展特点与发展水平:(1)对记忆目的和任务的认识;(2)对记忆效果的自我评价;(3)对记忆材料的性质影响记忆效果的认识;(4)记忆策略的使用;(5)记忆监控水平。方法:采用实验法获取儿童对记忆活动各方面的认识及其人数比例,统计其得分并进行差异显著性检验。结果:(1)高年级正确理解记忆目的和任务的水平、分析自身记忆效果的水平、对记忆材料影响记忆效果的认识水平以及对记忆的监控水平均显著高于中年级和低年级;(2)各个年级儿童在记忆策略上的得分均较低;(3)各年级儿童对词的记忆效果、记忆监控和记忆策略的认识水平低于对图片的认识。结论:弱智儿童具有一定的元记忆,这种元记忆随着年龄的增长不断发展;但即便是高年级儿童,元记忆发展水平仍较低。

Objective： This is a study of development of mentally-retarded children＇s meta-memory.What we are interested in are：（1） children＇s self-consciousness of memory aim;（2）the effects of the nature of memory material on memory;（3）Children＇s self-assessment of memory;（4）memory strategies;（5）memory monitoring.Methods： Some experiments have been carried on to get the percentage of every grade during the memory activities,calculate their mark and have a significance test of difference.Results：（1）The percentage of the junior students who understand the memory aim and task correctly is much higher than that of the middle and lower students.So are the cases in self assessment,memory monitoring and the cognitive level of the material nature effects on memory;（2）The score of every grade islow in memorystrategies;（3）The cognitive development level ofwordsmemoryisinferiorto that ofpicturesmemory.Conclusions： Mentally-retarded children have some degree of meta-memory which develop with age.Even during the period of high school,the developmental level of meta-memory of mentally-retarded children is low.