自然科学学科的发展及分类

EVOLUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL SCIENCES

认为自然界中的变化可分为若干层次,它们有不同的守衡的物质,数量级不同的能量变化;论述了化学键的本质和相互作用,对分子概念提出新定义;并讨论了基础科学,应用基础和应用的关系。

Lake all other things in the world, natural sciences are always progressing. From the very quick progress in the 19th century, particularly the establishment of quantum mechanics, the discovery of laser, and computer, people have a much deeper knowledge of nature. There are different levels of reactions, characterized by different kinds of matter conservation, and differences by orders of energy in eV to GeV or higher. The lowest level is the molecular level, in which atomic nucleui and electrons conserve, and the energy change is in the order of eV up to keV. The next higher one is nuclear level, the protons and neutrons conserve, the energy change is in the order of MeV up to GeV. The nature of chemical bond and intermolecular, intramolecular interactions are discussed. A new definition of molecule is proposed. The relations between basic sciences, applied sciences and applications is also discussed.