农民眼中的“新农保”:认知、意愿与评价——基于湖北省4县763位农民的调查

The New Rural Social Pension Insurance in the Eyes of Farmers: Awareness,Willingness and Evaluation ——A Survey Based on 763 Farmers from 4 Counties of Hubei Province

新农保是我国针对农村"人口老龄化风险"而设置的一项重要的惠农政策,也是一项长期性的制度设计。充分了解当前新农保的客观运行状况与广大农户的主观认知评价,对新农保的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。通过对湖北省4县新农保实践调查发现,当前广大农民对新农保的认知整体上处于相对了解、比较理性、保持乐观的状态,绝大多数农民对该政策的实施表示赞同并积极参保,但对补助金额大小、基础养老金发放、政策的稳定性、宣传动员方式等具体实施环节还存在不满或担忧。为此,应当坚持在"保基本、广覆盖、有弹性、可持续"的基础上,充分发挥新农保的作用以保证农民最优化的利益实现,科学管理新农保的各项实施环节,增强政策的普惠、福利功能;合理促进新农保的可持续发展,加强当代农民养老观念的转变;积极拓展新农保的宣传渠道,促进新农保"全覆盖"的实现;灵活规范新农保的制度实施,统筹城乡社会保障体制的发展。

The new rural social pension insurance, an important benefiting-farmers policy at the risk of aging population, it is a long-term system design. Fully understanding how this policy runs and the corresponding feedback from the farmers are of great significance to its sustainable development. Accord-ing to the investigation into the current implementation of this policy in 4 counties of Hubei Province,it can be seen that the majority of farmers hold a relatively rational,and optimistic view. And the vast ma- jority endorses the policy and gets involved too. Yet they＇re concerned about the details in implementa- tion, such as the size of the subsidy amount, the distribution of basic pension, the stability of the policy, the way for advocating the policy etc. Therefore, under the guidance of guaranteeing the weak, covering more, flexibility and sustainability, the policy should exert its great length to maximize the farmers＇ profits by ways of strictly supervising different phases in its implementation so as to amplify its function to benefit farmers,propelling the policy in a reasonable and sustainable manner in order to switch the traditional concept of raising the old,broadening the channels for publicity for its full coverage,and im-prove the coordination in its implementation within the sphere of flexibility and regulations.