市场规模、要素禀赋与中国区域经济非均衡发展

Market Size,Factor Endowment and Unbalanced Development of Regional Economy in China

传统经济学认为,地区间的资源要素空间分布差异是产生区域经济发展差异的主要原因。新经济地理学将区域差异的产生归结于本地市场效应的作用,认为随着贸易成本的降低,将形成中心—外围空间经济结构。以多地区自由资本模型为理论基础,实证分析表明,促进经济发展的因素主要在于要素禀赋质量以及新经济地理学所强调的市场规模因素,虽然要素禀赋数量也能促进经济的发展,但毕竟不起主要作用。由此,要缩小中国区域经济差距,主要在于扩大落后地区的市场规模与提高要素禀赋质量。

Traditional Economics regards resources space distribution difference as the main reason which leads to regional economic development imbalance, while New Economic Geography attributes it to home market effect, and a core-periphery economic structure will be formed with the lowering of trade cost. Based on the footloose capital model of multiple regions, empirical analysis shows that the quantity of factor endowment can promote economic growth, but not play a leading role, and the major factor is the quality of factor endowment and market size emphasized by New Economic Geography. Thus, the main means of re- ducing regional economic difference in China is increasing the market size and enhancing the quality of fac- tor endowment in backward regions.