基于PSR模型的湿地生态安全评价——以大山包湿地为例

Eco-Security Evaluation of Wetland Based on PSR Model:Taking Dashanbao Wetland as an Example

大山包湿地是我国目前海拔最高的亚高山沼泽化草甸湿地生态系统,针对大山包生态环境自身的特点,采用压力-状态-响应模型,选取能充分反映亚高山沼泽湿地生态安全的21项指标,构建了大山包湿地生态安全评价指标体系.研究运用层次分析法确定了各指标的权重,用综合指数法对湿地生态安全性进行了综合评价,得出大山包湿地的生态安全综合指数是4.756 6.研究表明:当前大山包湿地的生态安全处于"一般"状态,生态系统的主要服务功能尚能发挥,但个别生态压力已超出生态系统的承载能力,显示出湿地的保护和管理存在不足.为有效维护湿地生态系统的服务功能和可持续性发展能力,提出了改善湿地生态安全水平的对策与建议.

Dashanbao wetland is the highest sub-alpine swamp meadow in current China. The study was mainly based on the characteristics of Dashanbao itself ecological environment, the pressure-state-response model was used, and the 21 indicators fully reflecting the sub-alpine wetlands of ecological security were selected, the ecological security assessment index system was constructed on Dashanbao wetlands. In the study, the AHP was used to determine the weight of each indicator, and the composite index method was also used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation for the wetland eco-security. Finally, the Dashanbao wetland ecological safety index was found to be 4. 756 6. The findings show that Dashanbao wetland ecological safety is in the ＂normal＂ state in current time, and the main service function of Dashanbao wetland ecosystem can still work, but the individual ecological pressure of Dashanbao wetland ecosystem has exceeded the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. It is our duty to propose the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of security on the basis of analyzing the main impact factor in order to maintain the function and sustainability of the wetland ecosystem service.