氯甲基吡啶剂型对土壤硝化的抑制效果初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Nitrapyrin Formulations on Soil Nitrification

施用硝化抑制剂是减少硝态氮淋溶损失、降低氮氧化合物排放、提高氮肥利用率的重要途径之一。采用室内模拟试验方法,在人工气候室(25℃)黑暗条件下培养,研究了新型硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶在砂土和粘土上的硝化抑制效果,同时比较了乳油剂和水乳剂在两种质地土壤上的硝化抑制效果差异。结果表明:在培养的30 d内,乳油剂在砂土和粘土上的剂量效应都很明显,土壤硝态氮含量均随乳油剂浓度的增加而显著下降。各剂量的乳油剂在砂土上的硝化抑制率为55.6%～91.4%,在粘土上为18.5%～50.9%,硝化抑制效果为砂土>粘土;水乳剂在砂土上的剂量效应明显,而在粘土上的剂量效应不是很明显。不同剂量的水乳剂在砂土上的硝化抑制率为40.0%～79.0%,在粘土上为35.7%～53.3%,硝化抑制效果为砂土>粘土。乳油剂和水乳剂在砂土和粘土上的最佳施用浓度均为纯氮量的0.3%,最佳浓度下在砂土上的施用效果为乳油剂>水乳剂,在粘土上的施用效果为水乳剂>乳油剂。

Application of nitrification inhibitors(NIs) is an effective way to reduce nitrate leaching losses and emission of nitrogen oxides, thus to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the nitrification inhibition effect of nitrapyrins under dark condition in sandy and clayey soils at 25 ℃. Two nitrapyrin formulations, EC(Emulsifiable Concentrates) and EW(Emulsion in Water) , were obtained to study the nitrapyrin effect on nitrification. The results indicated that during 30 days of incubation, both EC and EW had higher nitrification inhibition efficiency in sandy soil than in clayey soil. Nitrification inhibition rates for EC were 55.6%～91.4% in sandy soils and 18.5%～50.9% in clayey soils. Nitrate nitrogen contents decreased significantly with the increase of EC concentration in both sandy and clayey soils. Nitrification inhibition rates for EW were 40.0%～79.0% in sandy soils and 35.7%～53.3% in clayey soils. EW concentration significantly affected the nitrification rate in sandy soils, but not in clayey soils. The optimal EC and EW concentrations for nitrate inhibition were 0.3% of nitrogen rate for both sandy and clayey soils. Under optimal inhibition rate, EC had higher nitrification inhibition efficiency than EW in sandy soil, but the opposite was true in the clayey soils.