不同配比的蔬菜与玉米间套作削减农田径流污染的研究

Reduction of Runoff from Cultivated Land with Intercropping System of Different Ratio of Vegetables to Maize

2011年7月到9月采用田间试验,在自然降雨条件下,对滇池流域不同比例蔬菜与玉米间套作蔬菜种植模式下农田地表径流产生量与地表径流、TN、TP、COD、SS的流失量进行分析,寻求控制农田径流污染的蔬菜与玉米适宜比例种植模式。结果表明:蔬菜单作地表径流流失量为73.78 m3·hm-2,TN、TP、COD和SS流失量分别为0.79、0.195、2.86、44.46kg·hm-2。1:2玉米//青花-西葫芦间套作地表径流流失量为41.06 m3·hm-2,TN、TP、COD和SS流失量分别为0.41、0.112、1.08、13.06kg·hm-2。1:3和1:4玉米//青花-西葫芦间套作地表径流和TN、TP、COD、SS流失量均高于1∶2模式。与蔬菜单作相比,1:2玉米//青花-西葫芦间套作能削减44.35%的地表径流量、48.46%的TN、42.38%的TP、62.13%的COD、72.92%的SS。因此,1:2玉米//青花-西葫芦间套作种植模式削减农田地表径流和径流污染的效果最好。

The field experiment was conducted under natural rainfall condition during July to September in year 2011 to study the surface runoff and the loss of TN, TP, COD and SS from cultivated land with different ratio of vegetables to maize intercropping system in Dianchi Lake watershed. The results showed that ①The loss of surface runoff from cultivated land with vegetables mono-cropping was 73.78 m3 ·hm-2 , with TN, TP, COD and SS loss of 0.79, 0.195, 2.86 kg·hm-2 and 44.46 kg·hm-2 , respectively. ②The surface runoff from intercropping system of ratio of maize to cauliflower-pumpkin 1:2 was 41.06 m 3 ·hm-2 , the loss of TN, TP, COD and SS loss of 0.41, 0.112, 1.08kg·hm-2 and 13.06 kg·hm-2 , respectively. ③The surface runoff and TN, TP, COD and SS loss of from intercropping system with maize to cauliflower-pumpkin 1:2 were lower than 1:3 and 1:4. ④Comparing with cauliflower-pumpkin mono-cropping system, the surface runoff,TN,TP,COD and SS from intercropping system of 1:2 ratio were reduced by 44.35%, 48.49 %, 42.38%, 62.13% and 72.92%, respectively. Therefore, the intercropping system of 1:2 ratio was the most optimal for control of surface runoff and nutrient loss.