长江江源高寒地区气候变化对水文环境影响研究综述

Effects of Climate Change on Hydrological Environment in the Extremely Frigid Zone of the Source Region of Yangtze River

在全球气候变化背景下,长江江源高寒地区的水文气象要素(气温、降水、蒸发、径流)和水文环境(冰川、冻土、积雪、湿地、沼泽、植被)已受到重大影响。尤其是随着气候变暖,长江江源地区出现了冻土及冻土环境退化、植被退化、冻融侵蚀和土地荒漠化的四大生态环境问题。通过对该地区近50年气候变化对水文气象要素和水文环境影响研究现状的辨析,从国家需求和科学问题两个层面上,提出了当前亟待解决的主要问题并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。这对于促进长江、黄河上游地区和岷江、大渡河、嘉陵江的河源区生态屏障建设,特别是保障三峡库区水资源安全利用研究能够起到一定的参考作用。

As a result of globe climate change, the meteorological and hydrological elements（temperature, precipitation, evaporation, and runoff） and the hydrological environment （glacier, permafrost, snow, wetlands, swamp, and vegetation） have been severely impacted in the extremely frigid zone of the source region of Yangtze River. With the increasing of temperature, four ecological environment problems occur in the source region of Yangtze River,including the permafrost degeneration, vegetation degeneration, freeze-thaw erosion, and land desertification. Through the analysis of the effects of climate change in the recent 50 years on the meteorological and hydrological elements and the hydrological environment in this area, the needed scientific studies were proposed from two aspects of national needs and scientific problems. The research in this study can help to improve the ecological barrier construction in the source regions of Yangtze River, Yellow River, Minj iang River, Daduhe River, and Jialingjiang River, especially to provide references for the study of safe utilization of water resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.