气候变化对1981年以来湖北省中稻生育期的影响

Effects of climate change on growing stage of mid-season rice in Hubei Province since 1981

从湖北省国家基本气象站中选择有中稻观测资料且较完整的武汉市、随州市、利川市、钟祥市、谷城县等5个站点1981-2008年生育期观测资料及平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、日照时数、降水量等气象资料,考察1981年以来湖北省不同地区气象要素旬变化及其对中稻生育期变化的影响。结果表明:中稻营养生长期平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温大多呈现升高的趋势;生殖生长期平均最高气温呈现升高的趋势,而平均气温、平均最低气温呈现降低的趋势,且8月中旬旬平均最高气温明显下降。整个生育期日照时数呈现减少的趋势。全生育期、营养生长期平均气温与平均最低气温的升高导致生育期缩短,但生殖生长期平均气温、平均最低气温的降低导致生育期延长。综合气象要素的变化导致中稻全生育期天数与营养生长天数在鄂东南、鄂西南、鄂东北、鄂西北表现延长的趋势,在江汉平原表现为缩短的趋势;生殖生长天数在不同地区则统一表现出延长的趋势。

The ten-day change of meteorological factors from different regions of Hubei Province since 1981 and its effects on growing stage change of mid-season rice were analyzed,which was based on meteorological data including growing stage of mid-season rice,average temperature,the average maximum temperature,the average minimum temperature,the sunshine duration and the rainfall from 1981 to 2008 taken from national basic meteorological observation stations of Hubei Province including five regions as Wuhan,Suizhou,Lichuan,Zhongxiang and Gucheng with complete observation data of mid-season rice.The results showed that the average temperature,the average maximum temperature and the average minimum temperature exhibited an increasing tendency in the vegetative growth of mid-season rice.The average maximum temperature exhibited an increasing tendency in the reproductive growth,but the average temperature and the average minimum temperature showed a decreasing tendency.Moreover,there was an obvious decreasing tendency for the average maximum temperature in the midmonth of August.The sunshine duration showed a decreasing tendency in the whole growth stage.The growing stage would shorten with the average temperature and the average minimum temperature increasing in the full-growing stage and vegetative growth.However,its decreasing would result in extending the growing stage of mid-season rice.The days of full-growing stage and vegetative growth of mid-season rice exhibited an extending tendency in the southeast,southwest,northeast and northwest of Hubei Province influenced by the change of comprehensive meteorological factors,but a shortening tendency in Jianghan Plain.The days of reproductive growth showed an extending tendency in the five regions mentioned above.