中学教室拥挤压力源的环境心理学研究

Study on High School Classroom Crowding Stressor in the Field of Environmental Psychology

目的首次从"教室拥挤压力源"的环境心理学研究视角入手研究班级规模。方法综合运用深度访谈法和心理测量法,通过教室现场实证研究全面考察由大班额、超大班额所引发的"教室拥挤压力源"的概念构成及其对中学生习得性无助感、社交焦虑、攻击性和学习倦怠所产生的负面影响。结果中国文化背景下的教室拥挤压力量表由"教室空间低充足性"、"不可控干扰与限制"、"低同学支持"、"低教师支持"、"低隐私水平"五个因子构成,由49个项目构成的教室拥挤压力量表能够代表本土文化条件下的教室拥挤压力内涵,并可以作为测量本土文化下教室拥挤压力的有效测评工具。结论教室拥挤压力源及其构成因子作为负面教室空间环境变量较为深刻地影响着中学生诸项情绪与行为,教育者可以通过降低班级规模、改善教室空间环境提高学习行为效率、促进学生身心健康。

Objective To study the class size from the research perspective of ＂classroom crowding stressor＂ in environmental psychology. Methods The conceptual construct of ＂classroom crowding stressor＂ aroused by large and super large class size and the corresponding negative influences on the learned helplessness, social anxiety, aggressiveness and learning burn- out among the high school students were studied by comprehensive adoption of in - depth interview and psychological testing and via classroom field study. Results The classroom crowding scale under the Chinese culture background was composed of the following five factors： low adequacy of classroom space, uncontrollable disturbance and limitation, low support from classmates, low support from teachers, and low privacy. The classroom crowding scale with 49 items could express the connotation of class- room crowding under the native culture background. It could serve as the effective measurement tool to measure the classroom crowding stress under the native culture background. Conclusions As the negative variables of classroom spatial environment, classroom crowding and its five composed factors strongly influence the various emotions and behaviors of high school students. Educators can increase the learning efficiency and promote their physical and psychological health by decreasing class size and im- proving classroom spatial environment.