武陵山片区明代金石碑刻所见土家族土司的“中华情结”

"China Complex"of Tujia Tusi from the Ming Dynasty Inscriptions in Wuling Mountain Area

本文在明代湖广、四川、贵州行省毗邻区民族分布格局基础上,对目前发现的由明代皇帝、"客家"知识精英、"客家"官员与土司及其代办和土舍分别书写的60块金石碑刻的内容进行系统梳理,认为这是生者的自由书写和对死者的盖棺论定,客观地反映了土家族土司观念、情感和意象世界在明早中晚期及南明时期的形成发展与变化,展示了土家族各土司与我国传统政治文化有机关连的"中华情结"的聚积及变化过程。在明清易代之际,它对旧朝是"情结",对新朝却是"症结"。基于土司学所做的此项研究,对于客观地评价我国土司及其文化具有启迪意义。

The article analyzes systematically the contents of the sixty stone inscriptions written by the Ming emperors, Hakka, intellectual elite, Hakka officials and Tusi respectively based on the ethnic distribution pattern in Guizhou, Sichuan and Huguang areas in the Ming dynasty. Entering into Tnsi inner world, stone tablets not only reflect their ideas, emotion and imagery objectively in the late Ming dynasty, but also show the accumulation and changes about ＂China Complex＂ from many Tusi which was closely connected with Chinese traditional politics and culture. Based on this study the writer hopes that objective evaluation about Tusi and their culture can be made in the future.