论元明清时期西南地区士兵的军事组织体制

On the Southwest Soldier Military Organizational System during the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties

军事组织体制是国家军事体制的重要组成部分。元明清时期西南地区土兵的军事组织体制与土兵制度密切相关。其土兵武装力量包括土司武装、土司部落武装、家支武装、土屯武装等四个方面。土兵的兵种按照不同的标准可以分为不同的类型,如步兵、骑兵、水兵、马兵、战兵、守兵、塘兵、铺兵等。元明清时期西南地区土兵的员额是随着中央政府官兵的强弱和战争的多少而增减。元代土兵编制分万户府、千户所、百户所及牌子四级。明清时期土司军队大多实行营、旗制度。西南地区土兵名号仅限于湖广土司。

Military organizational system is an important part of the national military system. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties southwest soldier military organizational system was closely related with the soldier system. Their soldiers armed forces include four aspects such as armed Tusi, armed tribal chieftain, armed family branch, armed Tutun forces. The arm of services can be divided into different types according to different criteria, such as infantry soldiers, cavalry, sailors, horsemen soldiers, guard, Tang Bing, Pu Bing. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties southwest soldiers＂ number changed with strength of the central government officers and soldiers and frequency of the wars. The Yuan Dynasty soldier system was divided into four grades such as Wanghufu, Qianhusuo, Baihusuo,and Paizi. During the Ming and Qing, chieftain army mostly implemented Ying and Qi system. Southwest soldier military name only confined to HuGuang Tusi.