植物miRNA的分子特征及其在逆境中的响应机制

Molecular Characteristics and Response Mechanism in Stress of Plant miRNA

逆境胁迫是影响植物生长发育、生物产量与品质形成的主要因素之一。通过诱导表达抗逆有关的编码基因与部分非编码基因是植物响应逆境的主要方式。miRNA作为一种非编码基因在植物生长、发育以及抗逆等过程中起重要的调控作用。研究表明:逆境胁迫下miRNA可以形成miRNA诱导沉默复合物(miRNA-induced silencing complex,miRISC),并与靶mRNA互补配对结合,进而引起靶mRNA的降解或者抑制其翻译,从而实现对下游抗逆相关基因表达的调控,最终引起代谢与信号转导途径的变化实现对逆境的响应。本文从植物逆境胁迫下诱导miRNA的产生、靶基因的识别以及作用机制等方面进行了综述。

Stress is one of the main factors for plant growth, development, and the formation of biological produc- tion and quality. Plants have developed corresponding mechanism such as induced expression both protein-coding genes and non-protein-coding genes to response. Tremendous researches showed that miRNA played important regulative role in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Under various stresses, miRNAs, a regulon of downstream resistance-related genes, caused the changes of metabolism and signal transduction pathway mainly through guiding cut of target transcripts or translation inhibition depend on combine mRNA with miRNA-induced silencing complex （miRISC）. This paper focused on the advances of plant miRNAs research in stressed conditions, especially induced expression of miRNA, target gene identification, and functional mechanism.