树枝状聚合物及其在染颜料工业中的应用初探

Discussion on dendrimer and its application in dyes and pigments industry

以希腊字树和枝"Dendron"命名的树枝状聚合物"Dendrimer",不同于线状均聚物,是近20多年成功合成的一种新型大分子聚合物.树枝状聚合物是由初始引发核的多个反应点与支化单体重复反应组成内腔,以及与支化单体相连接的无数特殊官能团作为端基的外层表面所组成的高度几何对称的三维球形结构.树枝状聚合物具有优良的流变性,独特的粘度,良好的溶解度,低表面张力和玻璃化温度(Tg),容易成膜,不易结晶等物化性质,是线状聚合物不可比拟的.它的应用还处于萌芽状态,作为药物缓释载体、高效催化剂、纳米材料、分离膜已得到初步应用,但在染料、颜料及其下游工业领域的应用报道甚少,本文根据文献资料提供一些信息,以期将来在这些领域得到广泛应用.

Dendrimer, named by Greece word ＂Dendron＂, was different from the linear homopolymer, which is a novel synthetic macromolecular polymer in recent 20 years. The cavity of the dendrimer was composed by the repeated reaction of the initial core moiety reaction sites and branching monomers, and the outer surface with three-dimensional spherical and geometric symmetric structure was composed by the innumerable special functional groups connecting with the branched monomer. Dendrimer had excellent rheology, unique viscosity, good solubility, low surface tension and glass transition temperature （T,）, and was easy to form film and not easy to crystallize, which was incomparable with that of the linear polymer. Its application was still in its infancy. As a drug delivery carrier, high effective catalyst, nanometer material, separation membrane was also applied, but its applications in dyestuff, pigment and the downstream industry field were few. Some information according to the literature were provided for the prospective application in these fields.