“新旧交哄的激进时代”:以张之洞和存古学堂的“守旧”形象为例

"The Radical Era with Sharp Antagonism between the New and the Old": A Case Study on the "Conservative" Images of Chang Chih-tung and His School for Preserving Traditional Learning

清季朝野大体皆认同趋新的办学大方向。唯在野趋新士人中弥漫着对国家衰弱的焦虑情绪,以及急于追赶西方的紧迫感。在此氛围中,"守旧"成为晚清重臣张之洞及其晚年倡办的存古学堂在时人心中普遍留存的负面形象,与其自定位和办学实践形成鲜明对照。对相关面相的考察,可帮助我们更深入地认识当时"学界"趋新程度的多层次差异,重建清季各种言说纷纭驳杂的动态历史图景,进而推进对那一时代的认知。

The court and the provincial elites of the Late Qing Dynasty generally agreed on the progressive orientation on running schools.Anxieties for the national weakness and senses of urgency to pursue the West pervaded among the provincial elites.In the atmosphere,the social images of Chang Chih-tung,the very important official,and the School for Preserving Traditional Learning initiated by him in his remaining years were almost ＂conservative＂,in sharp contrast to Changs self-orientation and experiences on running schools.A thorough study from the above perspectives would deepen our understanding on the multi-layered differences in the extents of tending towards the West in the ＂educational circles＂.It would increase our knowledge on that era to reconstruct a dynamic picture of mixed opinions in that context.