基于模型参考电导增量法的光伏电池MPPT控制

MPPT Control of Photovoltaic Cells Based on Model Reference Incremental Conductance

由于光伏电池输出电压的非线性特性,需要进行MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking)控制,即最大功率点跟踪控制。通过建立光伏电池的数学模型,对光伏电池的输出特性进行了分析。分析了太阳能光伏阵列在不同外界环境的输出特性和几种传统的最大功率跟踪方法的优缺点,并且仿真验证了电导增量法的优点和缺点。在此基础上提出了一种基于模型参考的电导增量法。当光照强度和温度发生快速变化时,系统通过获得仿真模型在当前光照和温度的最大功率点电压,利用电导增量法在此电压附近寻找实际的最大功率点电压。仿真结果表明,和传统的电导增量法相比,该方案能够在外界环境发生变化时快速跟踪太阳能电池的最大功率点,有效提高了最大功率点的跟踪精度,具有良好的动态和稳态性能。

Due to the nonlinear characteristic of the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, it need to control the MPPT （ Maximum Power Point Tracking） , i. e. the maximum power point tracking control. By establishing the mathematical model of the photovohaic cell, the output characteristics of the photovohaic cells is analyzed. The paper analyzes the solar photovoltaic array output characteristic and the disadvantages of several traditional maximum power point tracking methods. Simulation results prove the advantages and the disadvantages of incremental conductance. Based on this, advances the model reference incremental conductance. When light intehsity and temperature changes quickly, the system obtains the maximum power point voltage of the simulation model in current environment, and in the nearby voltage to find the actual maximum power point voltage with use of incremental conductance. The simulation results show that, traditional conductance incremental method compared to the program when changes in the external environment to fast-track the maximum power point of the solar cell, the maximum power point is tracked accuracy. It shows good dynamic and steady-state performance.