两周军事铭文中的同义动词

Elementary Introduction to the Synonyms in the Military Inscriptions on the Bronze Wares in the Zhou Dynasty

两周军事铭文中的同义动词,有些是从殷商甲骨卜辞中继承和发展而来的,有一部分是两周时期新产生的,这使得该系统呈现出一些较为复杂的面貌:同义动词的来源千差万别,其抽象程度也存在很大的差异。有些是在词义发展引申的过程中,在某一个语义枝上相同或者相近,有些同义词概念意义反映的是同一个动作行为的不同阶段或者属于上位概念和下位概念之间的关系。造词时的深层语义差异、词反映的社会文化现象的变化二者对同义词的发展、演变有着至关重要的影响作用。此外,同义词反映的社会价值观念也是一个复杂的系统。

Some synonyms in the military inscriptions on the bronze wares in the Zhou dynasty were derived from the oracle inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty.Some new military verbs emerge in the Zhou dynasty,and many changes had taken place in the inherited military verbs.These synonyms form a complicate system which has different sources and usages.Based on the specific investigation,this paper reveals that there are different levels for the synonyms' developing and different object traits for the transitive verbs.This paper also finds that some synonyms have different derivations,and their common meanings are one meaning branch resulting from semantic extension.This paper also proves that some synonyms reflects the different developing stages of an action,or belongs to a group where some verbs are upper seat concepts,and some are lower seat concepts.Based on this study,we find that the inner semantic differences of the synonyms and the change of the reflected social culture have played an important part in the development of the synonyms.