经济与思想之改进:战时工合运动与西北社会变迁

Wartime Gonghe Movement and Northwest Social Change

战时工合是抗战时期中外知名人士在西北、西南、东南和川康等地区组织并建立的一批制造军需、民用物资的合作社,旨在支援前线,抵御外敌,为地方提供日用商品,维持地方经济秩序。就西北地区而言,工合西北事务所先后在宝鸡、凤县、天水、兰州等地开设纺织、矿冶、化工、食品和运输等合作社500余个,承制军政部军毯40余万条,生产了众多的工业品和生活用品,为国防民生作出了重要贡献;战时西北工合注重地方社会建设,在教育、医疗卫生、妇女解放等方面也作出了不菲的成绩,为西北社会的民生和民主建设奠定了一定基础,抑有进者,西北工合重视民众动员,与当时高唱"开发西北"的口号形成鲜明对比,是近代开发建设西北少有的实践派,其注重地方基层社会、培植地方民气的发展路径,至今仍有借鉴价值。

As far as the northwest region is concerned, Gonghe oglce in northwest make great contributions to national defense. It also paid attention to local social construction and laid a certain foundation for the construction of the northwest social livelihood of the people and democracy. The Gonghe in northwest emphasized the public mobilization and made a bright contrast to the popular slo- gan-＂the development of northwest＂ at that time. It was the rare practice party in developing and constructing the northwest area, which paid attention to the local grass-root society, fostered the development path of the local people＇s morale and it still has reference value.