胆汁酸的代谢、生理作用及其临床意义

Bile acids:Metabolism,physiology and clinical significance

胆汁酸通过肠肝循环代谢,具有促进脂类消化吸收、防止胆道结石生成、增加胆汁分泌、排泄等多种生物学作用.血清胆汁酸测定可反映急性肝炎慢性化、慢性肝炎炎症和纤维化程度、肝硬化门脉高压以及重症肝炎的病情演变,是梗阻性黄疸患者梗阻解除的早期敏感指标.另外,血清胆汁酸测定对炎症性肠病、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积、先天性胆道疾病、肝移植等疾病的诊断也有一定价值.

Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids can promote lipid digestion and absorption, prevent gallstone formation, and increase the secretion of bile. Measurement of serum bile acids can be used to predict the progression from acute hepatitis to chronic hepatitis and evaluate the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis and the degree of portal hypertension and severe hepatitis. Serum bile acids are also an early and sensitive predictor of the relief of biliary obstruction in patients with obstructive jaundice. In addition, serum bile acids can be used for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, congenital biliary tract disease, and liver transplantation.