2011年重庆市重点地区人群碘营养水平调查分析

Surveys on iodine nutrition of population in major area of Chongqing city

目的了解重庆市实现消除碘缺乏病阶段目标后人群碘营养状况,为科学防治碘缺乏病提供科学依据。方法2011年选择重庆市西部地区的永川、璧山县和东部地区的涪陵、万州区作为监测县,以县为单位,按东、西、南、北、中抽取9个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)抽取4个村,每个村抽取10户居民食用盐。随机抽取1所小学,抽取8～10岁儿童90人采集尿样测定。用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘,直接滴定法监测盐碘。结果共抽取居民户食盐1 440份,碘含量中位数为29.34 mg/kg;不同区县间碘含量比较差异有统计学意义(H=180.52,P<0.01);碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率分别为99.72%、96.73%、96.46%。共调查8～10岁儿童360份尿样,尿碘中位数为297.85μg/L;不同区县间尿碘中位数比较差异有统计学意义(H=30.05,P<0.01)。360份尿碘<50μg/L者占1.11%,50～99μg/L者占6.67%,100～199μg/L者占27.78%,200～299μg/L者占31.11%,300μg/L以上者占33.33%。;尿碘构成比比较,区县间有统计学意义(χ2=39.20,P<0.01),性别、年龄间均无统计学意义(χ2性别=1.94,χ2年龄=4.28,P>0.05)。结论重庆市人群碘营养处于适宜量状态,盐碘水平存在下调的空间。

Objective To understand the status of iodine nutrition after elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing so as to provide scientific evidences for iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control.Methods 4 counties were selected in 2011.360 salt samples were collected in 9 towns,36 villages and 90 children＇s urine samples were collected randomly in a school in each county.The urinary iodine was tested by Ce arsenic acid digestion.Salt iodine was tested by direct drop methods.Results A total of 1 440 salt at household were investigated.The median of iodine was 29.34 mg per kilogram.There was significant difference for salt iodine among counties（H=180.52,P0.01）.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.72%.The rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.73%.The rate of eligible iodized salt was 96.46%.A total of 360 children＇s urines aged from 8 to 10 years old were investigated.The median of urine iodine was 297.85 μg per liter.There was significant difference for urine iodine among counties（H=30.05,P0.01）.Lower than 50 μg per liter accounted for 1.11%.50-99 μg per liter of urine iodine accounted for 6.67%.100-199 μg per liter of urine iodine accounted for 27.78%.200-299 μg per liter of urine iodine accounted for 31.11%.Above 300 μg per liter of urine iodine accounted for 33.33%.There was significant for the proportion of urine iodine among counties（χ2=39.20,P0.01）.But there was no significance for the proportion of urine iodine between male and female or among ages（χ2gender=1.94,χ2age=4.28,P0.05）.Conclusion The iodine nutrition among residents was relatively surplus in Chongqing.The concentration of iodized salt should be decreased.