黑龙江七星河春季白枕鹤觅食生境初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Foraging Habitat of White-napped Crane on Spring in Qixinghe,Heilongjiang Province

白枕鹤(Grus vipio)为大型涉禽,由于栖息地丧失,数量减少,已被CITES列为附录I,IUCN红皮书列为全球濒危物种,并被列为国家II级重点保护鸟类;2011年4-5月,笔者在七星河自然保护区对白枕鹤春季觅食地生境进行了调查;采用GPS定位技术和直接观察法对白枕鹤栖息生境进行测定,共获取70个1m×1m的样方,利用样方法和因子测定法测定其春季觅食地植物的类型、高度、盖度、植物密度、水深、人为干扰距离等。结果显示:白枕鹤春季主要在以苔草、小叶章为主的沼泽湿地中觅食;最佳觅食地植被高度为40-80cm,植被密度高于600株/m2,植被盖度为0-25%,觅食地水深多为5-15cm,人为干扰距离大于2000m;人为活动严影响着白枕鹤的觅食;春季白枕鹤有在火烧地中觅食的现象。

White-napped Crane （Grus vipio）is a large wader. Because of habitat loss, its global population is declining and is now endangered. White-napped Crane is listed in CITES Appendix I （which bans all international trade in the species ） is categorized as Endangered in the IUCN Red list, and is also list- ed in the First Category of Protected Birds in China. During April to May 2011, the foraging habitat of White-napped Crane was investigated using GPS and direct observation at Qixinghe National Nature Reserve, Helongjiang Province. 70 plots （lmlm） were established for sampling vegetation. Factors of its foraging habitat including vegetation species, height, coverage, density, water depth and human disturbance were measured and analyzed by quadrate sampling and factor analysis methods. Results indicated that Grus vipio mainly foraging in the wetlands which have Carex spp., Calamagrostis angustifolia. The height of these plants was between 40cm to 80cm, the density was higher than 600 plants per square meter, vegetation cover was mainly between 0 and 25%, and the depth of the foraging place water was 515cm, the distance of human disturbance was greater than 1500m. Human activity greatly affects Grns vipio foraging. In spring, Grus v/p/o sometimes foraging in the burns down.