斑翅肩花蝽布丁人工饲料的饲养效果评价

Evaluation of an artificial pudding diet for rearing Tetraphleps galchanoides (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

铁杉球蚜Adelges tsugae(Annand)(hemlock woolly adelgid)是斑翅肩花蝽Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri的重要天敌。为开展斑翅肩花蝽的人工繁殖,我们自主研制了一种主要成分为蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的原料配制布丁人工饲料,所配制人工饲料产率为74.5%,含水率为8.6%,感官评定得分为81.7分。为评价斑翅肩花蝽布丁人工饲料的饲养效果,在实验室以铁杉球蚜作对照,用布丁人工饲料饲养斑翅肩花蝽,测定了斑翅肩花蝽若虫发育历期、存活率及成虫繁殖力,并调查了若虫和成虫林间捕食量。结果表明:用布丁人工饲料饲养的斑翅肩花蝽若虫发育历期(103.2±6.5d)与对照的若虫发育历期(105.7±8.4d)不存在显著差异(P>0.05);用布丁人工饲料饲养的斑翅肩花蝽若虫存活率(73.2%)略低于对照的若虫存活率(77.4%),而且第1,2和3代成虫获得率相近;取食布丁人工饲料的斑翅肩花蝽成虫,在产卵前期、产卵期、产卵量与对照组均无显著差异,但孵化率、成虫寿命存在显著差异,取食布丁人工饲料的卵孵化率为85.8%,成虫寿命为51.9±4.0d,而对照组的卵孵化率仅为71.4%,成虫寿命仅为37.4±2.6d。林间释放用布丁人工饲料饲养的斑翅肩花蝽,若虫和成虫均有效捕食铁杉球蚜。因此,此种布丁人工饲料可用于大量饲养繁殖斑翅肩花蝽,满足大面积生物防治铁杉球蚜的需要。

Tetraphleps galchanoides Ghauri is an important natural enemy to the hemlock woolly adelgid （ HWA）, Adelges tsugae （Annand）. An artificial pudding diet （APD） mainly consisting of protein, fat and carbohydrates was prepared with the production rate of 74.5%, the moisture content of 8.6%, and the score of sensory evaluation of 81.7. To evaluate the efficiency of APD for rearing T. galchanoides, the developmental duration and survival rate of nymphs and the reproductive capacity of T. galchanoides fed on APD were observed in the laboratory, and the predation rates of nymphs and adults reared with APD were also investigated in the field. The results showed that there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05 ） in the developmental duration between T. galchanoides nymphs fed on APD （103.2 ±6.5 d） and on HWA （105.7 ±8.4 d）. The survival rate of T. galchanoides nymphs fed on APD （73.2%） was lower than that fed on HWA （77.4%）. The acquisition rates of T. galchanoides adults of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generations fed on HWA were the same with those fed on APD. There was no significant difference in pre-oviposition period, oviposition period, and oviposition amount between T. galchanoides adults fed on APD and those on HWA. Significant differences were found between the hatching rates of eggs laid by female adults fed on APD （85.8%） and HWA （71.4%）, and in the longevity between female adults fed on APD （51.9 ± 4.0 d） and HWA （ 37.4 ± 2.6 d）. T. galchanoides fed on APDpreyed HWA effectively in the field. Thus, APD can be used for the mass rearing of T. galchanoides, which can be applied for biological control of HWA on a large scale.