少数民族军人心身健康状况及其影响因素分析

Psychosomatic health of military personnel recruited from minorities and influential factors thereof

目的探讨少数民族军人的心身健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样法选取各大军区陆、海、空不同年代不同民族的军人共11362人,采用中国心身健康量表进行测评,对数据资料进行t检验、相关分析、多元逐步回归分析等统计学处理。结果总体比较,少数民族军人的呼吸系统、心血管系统、消化系统、焦虑等因子分低于汉族军人(P<0.05,P<0.01)。20世纪80年代,少数民族军人的心身健康总分、心理健康因子、躯体健康因子与汉族军人比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而在20世纪90年代和2000—2009年,少数民族军人的3个心身健康因子分显著低于汉族军人(P<0.05,P<0.01)。统计学分析显示,军人的心身健康总分、心理健康因子、躯体健康因子与年代、民族呈现显著负相关(P<0.01)。不同年代、民族均被选入心身健康总分、心理健康因子、躯体健康因子的回归方程(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 20世纪80年代军人的心身健康水平不存在民族差异,而90年代以后少数民族军人的心理健康因子、躯体健康因子、心身健康总水平均优于汉族军人。

Objective To evaluate the psychosomatic health of military personnel recruited from minorities, and explore influential factors thereof. Methods A total of 11 362 soldiers from several military commands of infantry, navy and air force recruited from different nationalities were selected by random cluster sampling method, and then surveyed with the aid of Chinese Psychosomatic Health Scale. The collected data were analyzed by t-testj correlation analysis, and multivariate stepwise regression analysis. Results Generally, the factor scores of respiratory system, cardiovascular system, digestive system and anxiety were significantly lower in personnel recruited from ethnic minorities than those in personnel recruited from Han nationality （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. In 1980s, the factor scores of mental health, physical health and total psychosomatic health in minority group were similar to those in Han group （P〉0.05）, while in 1990s and 2000-2009, the factor scores of mental health, physical health and total psychosomatic health in minority group were lower than those in Han group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Statistical analysis showed that the factor scores of mental health, physical health and total psychosomatic health were significantly negatively correlated withtime period and nationality （P〈0.01）. All time period and nationality factor entered into the regression equation of mental health, physical health and total psychosomatic health （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusions No significant difference of psychosomatic health was found between minority group and Han military personnel in 1980s, while after 1990 the mental health, physical health and total psychosomatic health in minority personnel have become better than those in Han personnel.