九寨沟旅游劳工迁移微观驱动力分析

Analysis of tourism labor migrants' micro-motivation in Jiuzhaigou based on mixed methods approaches

以九寨沟为案例地,运用混合研究方法探讨了九寨沟旅游劳工入迁的微观驱动力结构、过程和强度。研究发现:①入移动力呈前后动态变化。劳工移民初始入迁受职业收益、职业特性、旅游地吸引、社会资本和生活方式5种动力驱动,职业收益居首位,旅游地吸引其次;后继居留受职业收益、职业特性、旅游地吸引和社会资本4种动力驱动,旅游地吸引居首位,职业收益其次;②不同类型旅游劳工的迁移动力具有差异。初始入迁管理人员受事业发展和收入驱动显著,一线工作人员较多追求生活方式,个体业主和出租车司机更关注收入,景区人员更多受旅游地吸引。后继居留大企业员工首先被旅游地吸引,而个体业主和出租车司机更强调事业发展前景,旅游地吸引其次。

Tourism migration is a focus issue in international tourism geography research. Tourism labor migrants, widely distributed in earlier developed and more attractive sightseeing places in China, can be taken as an entry point of domestic tourism migration study. Taking Jiuzhaigou as a case study, the article analyzes motivation structure, strength and process of the tourism labor migrants in Jiuzhaigou through a mixed approach. The findings of the study are as follows. First, data source from questionnaire and in-depth interviewing jointly show that employment gains, employment positive attributes, place attractiveness, social capital, and lifestyle are five-dimensional structure of the beginning motivation of tourism labor migration in Jiuzhaigou. Employment gains are the strongest motivational forces, and then comes place attractiveness. Secondly, in-depth interviewing data show that employment gains, employment positive attributes, place attractiveness and social capital are four-dimensional structure of the subsequent motivation in which place attractiveness takes the priority, followed by employment positive attributes. Thirdly, a dynamic motivational change is found in different stages of tourism labor migration. Questionnaire findings can measure motivation structure, strength and its correlative demographic characteristic groups. In-depth interviewing may inquiry into the subsequent motivation structure and strength, and form data and methods triangulation with questionnaire. The combination of the two techniques can increase study validity, and proves appropriate for motivation research of tourism labor migration.