古埃及的塞德节与王权

The Sed Festival and Kingship in Ancient Egypt

塞德节是古埃及的重要节日,是法老参与演出的最古老、最重要的宗教典礼之一,与王权关系密切。节日在法老认为必要的时候举办,以庆祝法老顺利统治一定年限和更新王权为目的,但以后者为核心。在节日游行和一系列或公开或神秘的仪式过程中,塞德节巧妙地利用节日氛围,使全国人民再次认可了法老的合法统治地位和各种权力,使法老的王权以新的、更强大的面貌继续下去,在王权的实施、维持和强化中发挥了重要作用。从本质上讲,塞德节完全是在宗教和喜庆节日的外衣掩盖下,由法老和统治阶级设计和庆祝,是宣传、确认、强化和推进王权统治的典礼,维护国家权力的工具。

The Sed Festival was one of important festivals in ancient Egypt,and one of the most ancient and important religious ceremonies enacted by the Pharaohs,so it was closely related to the kingship.The time when this festival should be celebrated was basically subject to whether it was necessary in Pharaoh's opinion.Although celebrating the successful long-time reign of Pharaoh and renewing the kingship were the aims of this festival,the latter was the core.During the procession and a series of rituals,open or mysterious,Sed Festival led peoples around the country to recognize the legitimate throne of Pharaoh and all of his powers again,and in the end made a new and powerful kingship following on,with the help of the festival atmosphere,and so played an important part in implementing,sustaining and strengthening the kingship.In nature,Sed Festival was a ceremony and instrument with the mask of the religion and happy festival,which was designed and celebrated by Pharaoh and the ruling class with the aim to propagandize,confirm,strengthen and advance the kingship,and to maintain the state power.