行为逻辑、分化结果与发展前景——对1978年以来我国农户分化行为的考察

Behavioral Logic,Differentiation Results and Prospects:The Inspection of Rural-household Differentiation Since the Reform in China

农村改革以来我国农户发生了显著分化,影响了农村政策实施的有效性。如何在农户分化背景下制定更具针对性的政策、使其对差异化凸显且不断分化的异质性农户产生积极的作用是解决"三农"问题的关键。农户分化过程中,家庭承包制改革对农户理性的释放构成了分化的基础,农村要素市场建设带动的劳动力流动及土地流转为分化创造了条件,城镇化及工业化吸纳农村劳动力为分化提供了途径。改革以来农户分化呈现纯农户比重下降、兼业农户及非农户比重上升的态势。在现有分化条件下,纯农户及兼业户向非农户转化缓慢、兼业农户将持续占据较大比重,应当结合农户分化特点作出针对性政策安排,以避免对农业生产及城乡发展产生负面影响。

Since the reform and opening-up,there are more and more differences happened in business practices,labor allocation,income structure among rural-households in china,and resulting in a significant differentiation of rural-household.In the process of rural-household differentiation,the reform of household contract responsibility system released the restriction on rural-household rational behavior,the consummation of rural market made great progress of labor mobility and transfer of land,and the urbanization and industrialization absorbed large number of rural labor constituted the necessary condition for rural-households differentiation.The result of rural-household differentiation as follows: the number of agricultural rural-household decreased,the number of concurrent occupation Rural-household and non-agricultural rural-household increased.The rural-household differentiation will make great influence on agricultural and rural-urban coordinated development.Concerning the prospect of rural-household differentiation,in the existing conditions,the transformation from agricultural rural-household to concurrent occupation Rural-household and non-agricultural rural-household will slow,and the concurrent occupation Rural-household will became the main part of Rural-household.